E
Z E K I E L
CHAP. XXVI.
The
prophet had soon done with those four nations that he set his face against in
the foregoing chapters; for they were not at that time very considerable in
the world, nor would their fall make any great noise among the nations nor any
figure in history. But the city of Tyre
is next set to the bar; this, being a place of
vast trade, was known all the world over; and therefore here are three whole
chapters, this and the two that follow, spent in the prediction of the
destruction of Tyre. We have "the burden of Tyre," Isa. xxiii. It is but just mentioned in
Jeremiah, as sharing with the natives in the common calamity, ch. xxv.
22; xxvii. 3; xlvii. 4. But Ezekiel is ordered to be copious upon that head.
In this chapter we have, I. The sin charged upon Tyre, which was triumphing in
the destruction of Jerusalem, ver. 2. II. The destruction of Tyrus itself
foretold. 1. The extremity of this destruction: it shall be utterly ruined,
ver. 4-6, 12-14. 2. The instruments of this destruction, many nations (ver.
3), and the king of Babylon by name with his vast victorious army, ver. 7-11.
3. The great surprise that this should give to the neighbouring nations, who
would all wonder at the fall of so great a city and be alarmed at it, ver.
15-21.
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The
Burden of Tyre.
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B.
C. 588.
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1 And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in
the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD
came unto me, saying, 2 Son of man, because that Tyrus hath said
against Jerusalem, Aha, she is broken that was the gates of the people:
she is turned unto me: I shall be replenished, now she is laid
waste: 3 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD;
Behold, I am against thee, O Tyrus, and will cause many nations to come
up against thee, as the sea causeth his waves to come up. 4 And
they shall destroy the walls of Tyrus, and break down her towers: I will also
scrape her dust from her, and make her like the top of a rock. 5
It shall be a place for the spreading of nets in the midst of the sea:
for I have spoken it, saith the Lord GOD:
and it shall become a spoil to the nations. 6 And her daughters
which are in the field shall be slain by the sword; and they shall know
that I am the LORD. 7 For thus
saith the Lord GOD;
Behold, I will bring upon Tyrus Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, a king of
kings, from the north, with horses, and with chariots, and with horsemen, and
companies, and much people. 8 He shall slay with the sword thy
daughters in the field: and he shall make a fort against thee, and cast a
mount against thee, and lift up the buckler against thee. 9 And he
shall set engines of war against thy walls, and with his axes he shall break
down thy towers. 10 By reason of the abundance of his horses their
dust shall cover thee: thy walls shall shake at the noise of the horsemen, and
of the wheels, and of the chariots, when he shall enter into thy gates, as men
enter into a city wherein is made a breach. 11 With the hoofs of
his horses shall he tread down all thy streets: he shall slay thy people by
the sword, and thy strong garrisons shall go down to the ground.
12 And they shall make a spoil of thy riches, and make a prey of thy
merchandise: and they shall break down thy walls, and destroy thy pleasant
houses: and they shall lay thy stones and thy timber and thy dust in the midst
of the water. 13 And I will cause the noise of thy songs to cease;
and the sound of thy harps shall be no more heard. 14 And I will
make thee like the top of a rock: thou shalt be a place to spread nets
upon; thou shalt be built no more: for I the LORD
have spoken it, saith the Lord GOD.
This prophecy is dated in the eleventh year, which was the year that Jerusalem
was taken, and in the first day of the month, but it is not said what
month, some think the month in which Jerusalem was taken, which was the fourth
month, others the month after; or perhaps it was the first month, and so it
was the first day of the year. Observe here,
I. The pleasure with which the Tyrians looked upon the ruins of Jerusalem.
Ezekiel was a great way off, in Babylon, but God told him what Tyrus said
against Jerusalem (v. 2): "Aha! she is broken, broken to
pieces, that was the gates of the people, to whom there was a great
resort and where there was a general rendezvous of all nations, some upon one
account and some upon another, and I shall get by it; all the wealth, power,
and interest, which Jerusalem had, it is hoped, shall be turned to Tyre, and
so now that she is laid waste I shall be replenished." We
do not find that the Tyrians had such a hatred and enmity to Jerusalem and the
sanctuary as the Ammonites and Edomites had, or were so spiteful and
mischievous to the Jews. They were men of business, and of large acquaintance
and free conversation, and therefore were not so bigoted, and of such a
persecuting spirit, as the narrow souls that lived retired and knew not the
world. All their care was to get estates, and enlarge their trade, and they
looked upon Jerusalem not as an enemy, but as a rival. Hiram, king of Tyre,
was a good friend to David and Solomon, and we do not read of any quarrels the
Jews had with the Tyrians; but Tyre promised herself that the fall of
Jerusalem would be an advantage to her in respect of trade a commerce, that
now she shall have Jerusalem's customers, and the great men from all parts
that used to come to Jerusalem for the accomplishing of themselves, and to
spend their estates there, will now come to Tyre and spend them there; and
whereas many, since the Chaldean army became so formidable in those parts, had
retired into Jerusalem, and brought their estates thither for safety, as the
Rechabites did, now they will come to Tyre, which, being in a manner
surrounded with the sea, will be thought a place of greater strength than
Jerusalem, and thus the prosperity of Tyre will rise out of the ruins of
Jerusalem. Note, To be secretly pleased with the death or decay of others,
when we are likely to get by it, with their fall when we may thrive upon it,
is a sin that does most easily beset us, but is not thought to be such a bad
thing, and so provoking to God, as really it is. We are apt to say, when those
who stand in our light, in our way, are removed, when they break of fall into
disgrace, "We shall be replenished now that they are laid
waste." But this comes from a selfish covetous principle, and a
desire to be placed alone in the midst of the earth, as if we grudged
that any should live by us. This comes from a want of that love to our
neighbour as to ourselves which the law of God so expressly requires, and from
that inordinate love of the world as our happiness which the love of God so
expressly forbids. And it is just with God to blast the designs and projects
of those who thus contrive to raise themselves upon the ruins of others; and
we see they are often disappointed.
II. The displeasure of God against them for it. The providence of God had done
well for Tyrus. Tyrus was a pleasant and wealthy city, and might have
continued so if she had, as she ought to have done, sympathized with Jerusalem
in her calamities and sent her an address of condolence; but when, instead of
that, she showed herself pleased with her neighbour's fall, and perhaps sent
an address of congratulation to the conquerors, then God says, Behold, I am
against thee, O Tyrus! v. 3. And let her not expect to prosper long
if God be against her.
1. God will bring formidable enemies upon her: Many nations shall come
against thee, an army made up of many nations, or one nation that shall be
as strong as many. Those that have God against them may expect all the
creatures against them; for what peace can those have with whom God is at war?
They shall come pouring in as the waves of the sea, one upon the neck
of another, with an irresistible force. The person is named that shall bring
this army upon them--Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, a king of kings,
that had many kings tributaries to him and dependents on him, besides those
that were his captives, Dan. ii. 37, 38. He is that head of gold. He
shall come with a vast army, horses and chariots, &c., all
land-forces. We do not find that he had any naval force, or any thing
wherewith he might attack it by sea, which made the attempt the more
difficult, as we find ch. xxix. 18, where it is called a great
service which he served against Tyrus. He shall besiege it in form (v.
8), make a fort, and cast a mount, and (v. 9) shall set
engines of war against the walls. His troops shall be so numerous as to
raise a dust that shall cover the city, v. 10. They shall make a noise
that shall even shake the walls; and they shall shout at every attack,
as soldiers do when they enter a city that is broken up; the
horses shall prance with so much fury and violence that they shall even tread
down the streets though so ever well paved.
2. They shall do terrible execution. (1.) The enemy shall make themselves
masters of all their fortifications, shall destroy the walls and break
down the towers, v. 4. For what walls are so strongly built as to
be a fence against the judgments of God? Her strong garrisons shall go down
to the ground, v. 11. And the walls shall be broken down, v.
12. The city held out a long siege, but it was taken at last. (2.) A great
deal of blood shall be shed: Her daughters who are in the field, the
cities upon the continent, which were subject to Tyre as the mother-city, the
inhabitants of them shall be slain by the sword, v. 6. The
invaders begin with those that come first in their way. And (v. 11) he
shall slay thy people with the sword; not only the soldiers that are found
in arms, but the burghers, shall be put to the sword, the king of
Babylon being highly incensed against them for holding out so long. (3.) The
wealth of the city shall all become a spoil to the conqueror (v. 12):
They shall make a prey of the merchandise. It was in hope of the
plunder that the city was set upon with so much vigour. See the vanity of
riches, that they are kept for the owners to their hurt; they entice
and recompense thieves, and not only cease to benefit those who took pains for
them and were duly entitled to them, but are made to serve their enemies, who
are thereby put into a capacity of doing them so much the more mischief. (4.)
The city itself shall be laid in ruins. All the pleasant houses shall
be destroyed (v. 12), such as were pleasantly situated,
beautified, and furnished, shall become a heap of rubbish. Let none please
themselves too much in their pleasant houses, for they know not how soon they
may see the desolation of them. Tyre shall be utterly ruined; the enemy shall
not only pull down the houses, but shall carry away the stones and the
timber, and shall lay them in the midst of the water, not to be
recovered, or ever made use of again. Nay (v. 4), I will scrape her
dust from her; not only shall the loose dust be blown away, but the very
ground it stands upon shall be torn up by the enraged enemy, carried off, and
laid in the midst of the water, v. 12. The foundation is in
the dust; that dust shall be all taken away, and then the city must fall
of course. When Jerusalem was destroyed it was ploughed like a field,
Mic. iii. 12. But the destruction of Tyre is carried further than that; the
very soil of it shall be scraped away, and it shall be made like the top of
a rock (v. 4, 14), pure rock that has no earth to cover it; it
shall only be a place for the spreading of nets (v. 5, 14); it
shall serve fishermen to dry their nets upon and mend them. (5.) There shall
be a full period to all its mirth and joy (v. 13): I will cause the
noise of thy songs to cease. Tyre had been a joyous city (Isa. xxiii. 7);
with her songs she had courted customers to deal with her in a way of trade.
But now farewell all her profitable commerce and pleasant conversation; Tyre
is no more a place either of business or of sport. Lastly, It shall be built
no more (v. 14), not built any more as it had been, with such state
and magnificence, nor built any more in the same place, within the sea, nor
built any where for a long time; the present inhabitants shall be destroyed or
dispersed, so that this Tyre shall be no more. For God has spoken it
(v. 5, 14); and when what he has said is accomplished they shall
know thereby that he is the Lord, and not a man that he should
lie nor the son of man that he should repent.
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The
Burden of Tyre.
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B.
C. 588.
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15 Thus saith the Lord GOD
to Tyrus; Shall not the isles shake at the sound of thy fall, when the wounded
cry, when the slaughter is made in the midst of thee? 16 Then all
the princes of the sea shall come down from their thrones, and lay away their
robes, and put off their broidered garments: they shall clothe themselves with
trembling; they shall sit upon the ground, and shall tremble at every
moment, and be astonished at thee. 17 And they shall take up a
lamentation for thee, and say to thee, How art thou destroyed, that wast
inhabited of seafaring men, the renowned city, which wast strong in the sea,
she and her inhabitants, which cause their terror to be on all that
haunt it! 18 Now shall the isles tremble in the day of thy fall;
yea, the isles that are in the sea shall be troubled at thy
departure. 19 For thus saith the Lord GOD;
When I shall make thee a desolate city, like the cities that are not
inhabited; when I shall bring up the deep upon thee, and great waters shall
cover thee; 20 When I shall bring thee down with them that descend
into the pit, with the people of old time, and shall set thee in the low parts
of the earth, in places desolate of old, with them that go down to the pit,
that thou be not inhabited; and I shall set glory in the land of the
living; 21 I will make thee a terror, and thou shalt be no more:
though thou be sought for, yet shalt thou never be found again, saith the Lord
GOD.
The utter ruin of Tyre is here represented in very strong and lively figures,
which are exceedingly affecting.
1. See how high, how great, Tyre had been, how little likely ever to come to
this. The remembrance of men's former grandeur and plenty is a great
aggravation of their present disgrace and poverty. Tyre was a renowned city
(v. 17), famous among the nations, the crowning city (so she is
called Isa. xxiii. 8), a city that had crowns in her gift, honoured all she
smiled upon, crowned herself and all about her. She was inhabited of seas,
that is, of those that trade at sea, of those who from all parts came thither
by sea, bringing with them the abundance of the seas and the
treasures hidden in the sand. She was strong in the sea, easy of
access to her friends, but to her enemies inaccessible, fortified by a wall
of water, which made her impregnable. So that she with her pomp, and
her inhabitants with their pride, caused their terror to be on all that
haunted that city, and upon any account frequented it. It was well
fortified, and formidable in the eyes of all that acquainted themselves with
it. Every body stood in awe of the Tyrians and was afraid of disobliging them.
Note, Those who know their strength are too apt to cause terror, to pride
themselves in frightening those they are an over-match for.
2. See how low, how little, Tyre is made, v. 19, 20. This renowned
city is made a desolate city, is no more frequented as it has been;
there is no more resort of merchants to it; it is like the cities not
inhabited, which are no cities, and having none to keep them in repair,
will go to decay of themselves. Tyre shall be like a city overflowed by an
inundation of waters, which cover it, and upon which the deep is
brought up. As the waves had formerly been its defence, so now they
shall be its destruction. She shall be brought down with those that descend
into the pit, with the cities of the old world that were under water, and
with Sodom and Gomorrah, that lie in the bottom of the Dead Sea. Or,
she shall be in the condition of those who have been long buried, of the people
of old time, who are old inhabitants of the silent grace, who are quite
rotted away under ground and quite forgotten above ground; such shall Tyre
be, free among the dead, set in the lower parts of the earth, humbled,
mortified, reduced. It shall be like the places desolate of old, as
well as like persons dead of old; it shall be like other cities that have
formerly been in like manner deserted and destroyed. It shall not be
inhabited again; none shall have the courage to attempt the rebuilding of
it upon that spot, so that it shall be no more; The Tyrians shall be
lost among the nations, so that people will look in vain for Tyre in Tyre: Thou
shalt be sought for, and never found again. New persons may build a new
city upon a new spot of ground hard by, which they may call Tyre, but
Tyre, as it is, shall never be any more. Note, The strongest cities in this
world, the best-fortified and best-furnished, are subject to decay, and may in
a little time be brought to nothing. In the history of our own island many
cities are spoken of as in being when the Romans were here which now our
antiquaries scarcely know where to look for, and of which there remains no
more evidence than Roman urns and coins digged up there sometimes
accidentally. But in the other world we look for a city that shall stand for
ever and flourish in perfection through all the ages of eternity.
3. See what a distress the inhabitants of Tyre are in (v. 15): There
is a great slaughter made in the midst of thee, many slain, and great men.
It is probable that, when the city was taken, the generality of the
inhabitants were put to the sword. Then did the wounded cry, and they
cried in vain, to the pitiless conquerors; they cried quarter, but it
would not be given them; the wounded are slain without mercy, or,
rather, that is the only mercy that is shown them, that the second blow shall
rid them out of their pain.
4. See what a consternation all the neighbours are in upon the fall of
Tyre
. This is elegantly expressed here, to show how astonishing it should be. (1.)
the islands shall shake at the sound of thy fall (v. 15),
as, when a great merchant breaks, all that he deals with are shocked by it,
and begin to look about them; perhaps they had effects in his hands, which
they are afraid they shall lose. Or, when they see one fail and become
bankrupt of a sudden, in debt a great deal more than he is worth, it makes
them afraid for themselves, lest they should do so too. Thus the isles,
which thought themselves safe in the embraces of the sea, when they see Tyrus
fall, shall tremble and be troubled, saying, "What will
become of us?" And it is well if they make this good use of it, to take
warning by it not to be secure, but to stand in awe of God and his judgments.
The sudden fall of a great tower shakes the ground round about it; thus all
the islands in the Mediterranean Sea shall feel themselves sensibly touched by
the destruction of Tyre, it being a place they had so much knowledge of, such
interests in, and such a constant correspondence with. (2.) The princes of
the sea shall be affected with it, who ruled in those islands. Or the rich
merchants, who live like princes (Isa. xxiii. 8), and the masters of ships,
who command like princes, these shall condole the fall of Tyre in a most
compassionate and pathetic manner (v. 16): They shall come down from
their thrones, as neglecting the business of their thrones and despising
the pomp of them. They shall lay away their robes of state, their
broidered garments, and shall clothe themselves all over with tremblings,
with sackcloth that will make them shiver. Or they shall by their own act and
deed make themselves to tremble upon this occasion; they shall sit upon the
ground in shame and sorrow; they shall tremble every moment at the
thought of what has happened to Tyre, and for fear of what may happen to
themselves; for what island is safe if Tyre be not? They shall take up a
lamentation for thee, shall have elegies and mournful poems penned upon
the fall of Tyre, v. 17. How art thou destroyed! [1.] It shall
be a great surprise to them, and they shall be affected with wonder, that a
place so well fortified by nature and art, so famed for politics and so full
of money, which is the sinews of war, that held out so long and with so much
bravery, should be taken at last (v. 21): I make thee a terror.
Note, It is just with God to make those a terror to their neighbours, by the
suddenness and strangeness of their punishment, who make themselves a terror
to their neighbours by the abuse of their power. Tyre had caused her terror
(v. 17) and now is made a terrible example. [2.] It shall be a great
affliction to them, and they shall be affected with sorrow (v. 17);
they shall take up a lamentation for Tyre, as thinking it a thousand
pities that such a rich and splendid city should be thus laid in ruins. When
Jerusalem, the holy city, was destroyed, there were no such lamentations for
it; it was nothing to those that passed by (Lam. i. 12); but
when Tyre, the trading city, fell, it was universally bemoaned. Note, Those
who have the world in their hearts lament the loss of great men more than the
loss of good men. [3.] It shall be a loud alarm to them: They shall tremble
in the day of thy fall, because they shall have reason to think that their
own turn will be next. If Tyre fall, who can stand? Howl, fir-trees, if
such a cedar be shaken. Note, The fall of others should awaken us out of
our security. The death or decay of others in the world is a check to us, when
we dream that our mountain stands strongly and shall not be moved.
5. See how the irreparable ruin of Tyre is aggravated by the prospect of the
restoration of Israel. Thus shall Tyre sink when I shall set glory in the
land of the living, v. 20. Note, (1.) The holy land is the land
of the living; for none but holy souls are properly living souls. Where
living sacrifices are offered to the living God, and where the lively oracles
are, there the land of the living is; there David hoped to see the
goodness of the Lord, Ps. xxvii. 13. That was a type of heaven, which is
indeed the land of the living. (2.) Though this land of the living may
for a time lie under disgrace, yet God will again set glory in it; the
glory that had departed shall return, and the restoration of what they had
been deprived of shall be so much more their glory. God will himself be the
glory of the lands that are the lands of the living. (3.) It will aggravate
the misery of those that have their portion in the land of the dying, of those
that are for ever dying, to behold the happiness of those, at the same time,
that shall have their everlasting portion in the land of the living. When the
rich man was himself in torment he saw Lazarus in the bosom of Abraham, and
glory set for him in the land of the living.
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