I
C H R O N I C L E S
CHAP. III.
Of
all the families of
Israel
none was so illustrious as the family of David. That is the family which
was mentioned in the foregoing chapter, ver. 15. Here we have a full account
of it. I. David's sons, ver. 1-9. II. His successors in the throne as long as
the kingdom continued, ver. 10-16. III. The remains of his family in and after
the captivity, ver. 17-24. From this family, "as concerning the flesh,
Christ came."
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The Family of David.
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B. C. 1055.
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1 Now these were the
sons of David, which were born unto him in Hebron; the firstborn Amnon, of
Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess:
2 The third, Absalom the son of Maachah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur:
the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith: 3 The fifth, Shephatiah
of Abital: the sixth, Ithream by Eglah his wife. 4 These
six were born unto him in Hebron; and there he reigned seven years and six months: and in
Jerusalem
he reigned thirty and three years. 5 And these were born unto him
in
Jerusalem; Shimea, and Shobab, and
Nathan, and Solomon, four, of Bath-shua the daughter of Ammiel: 6
Ibhar also, and Elishama, and Eliphelet, 7 And Nogah, and Nepheg,
and Japhia, 8 And Elishama, and Eliada, and Eliphelet, nine.
9 These were all the sons of David, beside the sons of the concubines,
and Tamar their sister.
We had an account of David's sons, 2 Sam. iii. 2, &c., and v. 14, &c.
1. He had many sons; and no doubt wrote as he thought, Ps. cxxvii. 5. Happy
is the man that hath his quiver full of these arrows. 2. Some of them were
a grief to him, as Amnon, Absalom, and Adonijah; and we do not read of any of
them that imitated his piety or devotion except Solomon, and he came far short
of it. 3. One of them, which Bath-sheba bore to him, he called Nathan,
probably in honour of Nathan the prophet, who reproved him for his sin in that
matter and was instrumental to bring him to repentance. It seems he loved him
the better for it as long as he lived. It is wisdom to esteem those our best
friends that deal faithfully with us. From this son of David our Lord Jesus
descended, as appears Luke iii. 31. 4. Here are two Elishamas, and two
Eliphelets, v. 6, 8. Probably the two former were dead, and therefore
David called two more by their names, which he would not have done if there
had been any ill omen in this practice as some fancy. 5. David had many
concubines; but their children are not named, as not worthy of the honour (v.
9), the rather because the concubines had dealt treacherously with David in
the affair of Absalom. 6. Of all David's sons Solomon was chosen to succeed
him, perhaps not for any personal merits (his wisdom was God's gift), but so, Father,
because it seemed good unto thee.
10 And Solomon's son was
Rehoboam, Abia his son, Asa his son, Jehoshaphat his son, 11 Joram
his son, Ahaziah his son, Joash his son, 12 Amaziah his son,
Azariah his son, Jotham his son, 13 Ahaz his son, Hezekiah his
son, Manasseh his son, 14 Amon his son, Josiah his son.
15 And the sons of Josiah were, the firstborn Johanan, the second
Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum. 16 And the sons
of Jehoiakim: Jeconiah his son, Zedekiah his son. 17 And the sons
of Jeconiah; Assir, Salathiel his son, 18 Malchiram also, and
Pedaiah, and Shenazar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah. 19 And the
sons of Pedaiah were, Zerubbabel, and Shimei: and the sons of
Zerubbabel; Meshullam, and Hananiah, and Shelomith their sister:
20 And Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushab-hesed, five.
21 And the sons of Hananiah; Pelatiah, and Jesaiah: the sons of Rephaiah, the
sons of Arnan, the sons of Obadiah, the sons of Shechaniah. 22 And
the sons of Shechaniah; Shemaiah: and the sons of Shemaiah; Hattush, and Igeal,
and Bariah, and Neariah, and Shaphat, six. 23 And the sons of
Neariah; Elioenai, and Hezekiah, and Azrikam, three. 24 And the
sons of Elioenai were, Hodaiah, and Eliashib, and Pelaiah, and Akkub,
and Johanan, and Dalaiah, and Anani, seven.
David having nineteen sons, we may suppose them to have raised many noble
families in
Israel
whom we never hear of in the history. But the scripture gives us an
account only of the descendants of Solomon here, and of Nathan, Luke iii. The
rest had the honour to be the sons of David; but these only had the honour to
be related to the Messiah. The sons of Nathan were his fathers as man, the
sons of Solomon his predecessors as king. We have here, 1. The great and
celebrated names by which the line of David is drawn down to the captivity,
the kings of Judah in a lineal succession, the history of whom we have had at
large in the two books of Kings and shall meet with again in the second book
of Chronicles. Seldom has a crown gone in a direct line from father to son for
seventeen descents together, as here. This was the recompence of David's
piety. About the time of the captivity the lineal descent was interrupted, and
the crown went from one brother to another and from a nephew to an uncle,
which was a presage of the eclipsing of the glory of that house. 2. The less
famous, and most of them very obscure, names, in which the house of David
subsisted after the captivity. The only famous man of that house that we meet
with at their return from captivity was Zerubbabel, elsewhere called the
son of Salathiel, but appearing here to be his grandson (v. 17-19),
which is usual in scripture. Belshazzar is called Nebuchadnezzar's son,
but was his grandson. Salathiel is said to be the son of Jeconiah
because adopted by him, and because, as some think, he succeeded him in the
dignity to which he was restored by Evil-merodach. Otherwise Jeconiah was
written childless: he was the signet God plucked from his right hand
(Jer. xxii. 24), and in his room Zerubbabel was placed, and therefore God
saith to him (Hag. ii. 23), I will make thee as a signet. The posterity
of Zerubbabel here bear not the same names that they do in the genealogies
(Matt. i., or Luke iii.), but those no doubt were taken from the then herald's
office, the public registers which the priests kept of all the families of
Judah
, especially that of David. The last person
named in this chapter is Anani, of whom bishop Patrick says that the Targum
adds these words, He is the king Messiah, who is to be revealed, and
some of the Jewish writers give this reason, because it is said (Dan. vii.
13), the son of man came gnim gnanani--with the clouds of heaven. The
reason indeed is very foreign and far-fetched; but that learned man thinks it
may be made use of as an evidence that their minds were always full of the
thoughts of the Messiah and that they expected it would not be very long after
the days of Zerubbabel before the set time of his approach would come.
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